Guinea Pig Model of Uterine Leiomyoma Established by Intragastric Administration of Estrogen

[Objective] The paper was to establish the guinea pig model of uterine leiomyoma by intragastric administration of estrogen and to dis-cuss the effect of different doses and administration cycles on formation of uterine leiomyoma. [Method] Mature female guinea pigs were divided into short term model group and long term model group, and intragastrically administrated with estradiol valerate at the dose of 0.1 mg/100 g body weight twice a week for 6 and 8 weeks respectively. Guinea pigs intragastrically administrated with equal volume of normal saline were set as con-trol. After 6 or 8 weeks, the guinea pigs were sacrificed. The serum levels of estrogen and progesterone were measured by ELISA and the leiomyoma formation rate was measured. Histological changes were compared between treatment group and control group with HE staining. [Results] The leiomyoma formation rate was 30% in short term model group and 40% in long term model group. The overall leiomyoma formation rate was 35%.The serum level of estrogen in model animals increased significantly and the progesterone level decreased in long term model group. Histopathologi-cal examination confirmed that the guinea pig model of uterine leiomyoma was established successfully. [Conclusions] Intragastric administration of estrogen is a simple and effective method for establishing guinea pigs model of uterine leiomyoma.     

不同施肥条件对土池培育小球藻总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响

以辽宁盘锦光合蟹业有限公司养殖基地为试验场所,研究施以3种肥料(化肥、鸡肥、化肥与鸡肥的混和肥)对土池培育小球藻的主要营养指标——脂质含量和脂肪酸组成的影响。试验结果表明,施混合肥所培养的小球藻,其藻细胞密度略高于化肥组和鸡肥组;混合肥组小球藻的脂质含量(鲜质量的5.36%)也高于化肥组(鲜质量的4.02%)和鸡肥组(鲜质量的2.89%);混合肥组小球藻的多不饱和脂肪酸和高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著优于单一施化肥或鸡肥的小球藻。因此,在土池中施混合肥更有利于培育出高质量的小球藻。     

芳香植物精油对竹子根际微生物种群的影响

竹林生态系统虽然比较稳定,但病原菌也较多,使用生物农药是竹林可持续发展的必然道路。许多芳香植物精油具有优良的抗菌活性,都有作为生物农药的潜力。但是竹林土壤微生物也可能受到精油抑菌性能的影响。本研究选取常见5种芳香植物精油香茅、肉桂、大蒜、生姜和茶树精油,对其化学成分进行鉴定并对毛竹实生盆栽苗的土壤进行处理,测定毛竹根际土壤微生物的细菌丰度和种群多样性。结果表明,5种精油会降低毛竹根际微生物的丰度和多样性,使变形菌门的细菌成为绝对优势菌群。对微生物的影响从大到小依次是香茅、生姜、茶树、肉桂和大蒜精油。     

甜瓜果汁澄清工艺研究

澄清是甜瓜果汁的加工过程中关键的一个环节。通过单因素及相应面分析确定,甜瓜果汁澄清的最佳工艺条件为壳聚糖添加量为6.2%,澄清温度为30℃,澄清时间为36 h,透光率可达76.44%。     

孕穗期低温灌溉对水稻剑叶和颖花生理特征的影响

为探究孕穗期持续低温对水稻的伤害机理,利用Y两优957、天优华占、Y两优1号和中早39这4个生产上大面积推广的水稻品种,分别在其幼穗分化Ⅴ期进行17.5℃、10 d的低温冷水灌溉处理。处理结束当天利用SPAD502测定剑叶SPAD值、利用酶联免疫吸附试验测定剑叶与颖花的抗氧化系统和渗透调节系统等生理生化指标、液相色谱串联质谱法测定ABA含量。结果表明,孕穗期低温胁迫降低了水稻的结实率与花粉育性,但不同品种的降幅有差异,分析认为结实率下降的重要原因之一是花粉育性下降。孕穗期低温胁迫后剑叶SPAD值降低,且不同品种表现有差异。根据结实率的结果,Y两优957和天优华占可作为低温耐受品种,Y两优1号和中早39可作为低温敏感品种。低温处理后,低温耐受品种剑叶SOD、POD、CAT活性升高,颖花SOD活性降低;低温敏感品种剑叶SOD、POD活性降低,颖花SOD活性升高,与低温耐受品种相反。低温耐受品种低温处理后渗透调节物质在剑叶中大多高于对照,颖花中则均低于对照;低温敏感品种则呈现较为相反的趋势。低温处理后无论材料是否耐受低温,其颖花中ABA含量均显著高于对照组。颖花与剑叶在抗氧化系统的SOD活性、渗透调节系统的PRO和STS含量等多个生理指标上大多呈现较为相反的变化趋势,推测水稻的源库受低温胁迫后可能存在一个动态平衡调节机制,为研究孕穗期低温胁迫对水稻生理特征影响提供了新的思路。     

不同发酵条件对荔枝产香菌发酵茶品质的影响

经过长时间的工艺优化,国内不同地区的黑茶风味已趋于稳定,为了进一步改善发酵茶品质,生产更具特色的发酵茶,利用课题组前期已筛选出的一株适用于茶叶发酵的优良产香菌ZYF3单菌发酵青砖茶原料(一芽四五叶)。在实验室条件下,以灭菌后青砖茶为发酵原料,探究该菌株在不同接菌量、不同茶坯含水量、不同发酵温度和不同发酵时间下对发酵茶感官品质和理化品质的影响。结果表明:在不同发酵条件下,产香菌ZFY3发酵茶品质差异显著,当接种量为1.2%～1.3%(mL/g)、茶坯含水率为45%、发酵温度为32℃、发酵时间为20 d时,发酵茶综合品质最佳。不同发酵条件能明显改善荔枝产香菌发酵茶品质,并且促进发酵茶特殊风味的形成。     

巴氏杀菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的生长预测模型构建

巴氏杀菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染可能会产生肠毒素,对人体健康造成危害。分别监测在4、10、16、20、24、28 ℃储藏条件下金黄色葡萄球菌在巴氏杀菌乳中的生长数据,采用Modified Gompertz模型、Logistic模型、Huang模型和Baranyi模型构建金黄色葡萄球菌动力学一级模型,采用平方根模型和Arrhenius模型建立二级模型以描述温度与相对最大生长速率(μ_max)的关系。结果显示,各温度下Modified Gompertz模型的拟合度更优,决定系数(R²)>0.98,均方根误差(RMSE)<4.6,为最合适的一级模型。二级模型中,Arrhenius模型的拟合度更优(R²=0.99,RMSE=0.60)。相较于平方根模型,外部验证显示Arrhenius模型的精确度因子(A_f)和偏差因子(B_f)分别为1.39和0.87,较接近于1,说明预测效果更好。研究结果可为巴氏杀菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的风险评估提供数据基础,为乳品货架安全期预测提供科学依据。     

Semisynthetic ferulic acid derivative: an efficient feed additive for Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Ferulic acid (FA) derivative was synthesized by modifying the functional groups of FA as dietary additive in the feeding of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) juveniles. Structural confirmation of this compound was based on IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR techniques. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FA derivative supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status and serum biochemical parameters of GIFT juveniles compared with that of FA. A total of 675 fish with an average initial weight of 10.73 ± 0.40 g were fed nine diets supplemented with 0, 0.26, 0.52, 1.04 and 2.08 mmol kg^?1 FA, or 0.26, 0.52, 1.04 and 2.08 mmol kg^?1 FA derivative. Each diet was assigned to three replicate groups of 25 experimental tilapia for 56 days. Weight gain (WG) in groups of fish fed FA derivative was much higher than that of fish fed FA diet (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and GPx) in serum and liver of tilapia fed the FA derivative diets were significantly higher, while the malondialdehyde values were significantly lower than those of the fish fed the FA diets (P < 0.05). The serum biochemical parameters of GIFT were significantly improved by the FA derivative supplement. Moreover, feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were significantly decreased in fish fed FA or FA derivative diet at 0.52 mmol kg^?1 feed (P < 0.05). The investigation on the semisynthetic FA derivative provides a new way for developing safe and efficient feed additives.     

长江口凤鲚雌雄成体营养成分分析与比较

对长江口雌性和雄性成体凤鲚(Coilia mystus)整体的营养成分和品质进行了分析与评价。结果显示,雌、雄凤鲚整体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的质量分数分别为78.36%±1.41%、76.70%±1.20%,14.25%±1.05%、15.18%±0.12%,4.61%±1.78%、4.84%±0.27%和2.22%±0.38%、2.97%±0.64%,雌、雄间均不具有显著性差异(P0.05)。雌、雄均含有18种组成蛋白质的氨基酸,总量分别为66.20%±5.78%和65.93%±6.35%(质量分数,干样),其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量分别是25.07%±1.93%和23.95%±2.21%,两者间不具有显著性差异(P0.05),分别占氨基酸总量的37.90%和36.33%,雌、雄凤鲚的必需氨基酸组成比例均符合FAO/WHO的标准。色氨酸是雌、雄凤鲚整体的第一限制性氨基酸,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸是第二限制性氨基酸,雌、雄凤鲚整体的EAAI分别为70.73和66.99,4种鲜味氨基酸总量分别为25.99%±2.53%和26.02%±2.3%(质量分数,干样)。雌性凤鲚的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著低于雄性(P0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量则显著高于雄性(P0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)两者无显著差异(P0.05)。雌性凤鲚脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为5.70%±0.24%和10.15%±1.31%,显著高于雄性凤鲚的1.05%±0.40%和1.06%±0.44%。结果表明,长江口雌、雄成体凤鲚整体的氨基酸较均衡,而雌性凤鲚的脂肪酸营养更为丰富,比雄性凤鲚具有更好的食用价值与保健作用。     

3种龙胆科植物的资源分配对策

选择青藏高原东缘同一生境类型下具有不同交配系统特点和不同传粉者丰度的3种龙胆科植物湿生扁蕾(Gentianopsis paludosa)(自花授粉)、祁连獐牙菜(Swertia przewalskii)(高昆虫访问异花授粉)和线叶龙胆(Gentiana farreri)(低昆虫访问异花授粉)为对象,研究其资源分配特征。结果表明,1)3种植物的花粉胚珠比例(P/O)存在显著差异(P0.05),湿生扁蕾的P/O显著低于另外两种异花授粉植物的(P0.05),祁连獐牙菜的P/O显著低于线叶龙胆的(P0.05);2)3种植物的繁殖分配比例存在差异,湿生扁蕾的繁殖分配比例显著高于另外两种异花授粉植物的(P0.05),线叶龙胆的繁殖分配比例显著高于祁连獐牙菜的(P0.05);3)在繁殖分配比例与个体大小关系上,湿生扁蕾与其个体大小不存在显著相关关系(P0.05),而另外两种异花授粉植物则与其各自个体大小之间存在显著负相关关系(P0.05)。研究表明,交配系统类型和传粉者丰度与植物的资源分配模式有关,尽管3种植物的繁殖绝对投入量都与其个体大小显著正相关(P0.05),但自花授粉植物相对于异花授粉植物具有较高的繁殖分配比例,并且这种较高的繁殖分配比例不受个体大小影响,这种高繁殖投入的资源分配模式可能与自花授粉植物具有繁殖保障,从而降低其繁殖代价有关。